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火山ガス溶出分析データベースと推奨試料収集 (Volcanic Ash Leachate Analysis Database and Recommended Methods)


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Witham et al. (2005)???????

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????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? 2004????27??????????????????????55??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????(ml/g)????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????Budnikov, 1990; Deger, 1931 and 1932; Hinkley and Smith, 1982; Kirsanov and Yu Ozerov, 1984; Rose, 1977; Rose et al., 1978 and 1982; Rubin et al., 1994; Stoiber et al., 1980 and 1981????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? IVHHN??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????

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????????????????? ?????????55???????????????? ???????????????????Cl?Ca?Na?SO42-?Mg????F??? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? Al?As?Cl?F?Fe?Hg?Pb ??? SO42-??????? (? 1)? Fe??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????pH?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????

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(mg ion/kg ????)		 ???????? (mg/l) WHO ???????????? (mg/l)
Al 16 2.4 (?????) - 2117 (????) 0.096 - 84.68 -
As 8 0.01 (???????) - <4 (????) 0.0004 - 0.16 0.01
Cl 42 3.8 (????????) - 11160 (???) 0.152 - 446.4 250a
F 30 0.1 (?????) - 2043 (????) 0.004 - 81.72 1.5
Fe 22 0.01 (????????) - 91 (????) 0.0004 - 3.64 -
Hg 3 0.0001-0.0087 (??????????) 4 x 10-6 - 3.48 x 10-4 0.001
Pb 12 0.001 - 17.56 (???????????????????) 4 x 10-5 - 0.7024 0.01
SO4 33 2.4 (????????)-21775 (???????) 0.096 - 871 500b
  • ????????????????????????????????-?????1:25???????????? ???????????????????????(WHO, 1993)?????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????
  1. no guideline value, but concentrations of this level can give rise to a detectable taste in water.
  2. no guideline value, but gastrointestinal effects can result from ingestion of high levels.

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??????????????????????????????????????????? Taylor and Stoiber (1973)???????????????????? ????????????90????????????????????????(Frogner et al., 2001; Oskarsson, 1980; Risacher and Alonso, 2001)????????????? ?????????????????????60???100?????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????

???????????????????mg ???/kg ????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????(mg L-1)??????????????????????

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Witham, C.S., Oppenheimer, C. and Horwell, C.J., 2005, Volcanic ash-leachates: a review and recommendations for sampling methods. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.11.010